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- Seasonal worker schemes in the Pacific through the lens of international human rights and labour standards
- This report presents a summary of the forthcoming technical report on a 2020–21 review of Australia’s Seasonal Worker Programme (SWP) and New Zealand’s Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) scheme, which are available to citizens of Pacific island countries (PICs). This review was carried out as part of the project “Enhancing Protection and Empowerment of Migrants and Communities Affected by Climate Change and Disasters in the Pacific Region”, otherwise known as the Pacific Climate Change Migration and Human Security Programme, led by the International Organization for Migration alongside the ILO, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, with the Platform on Disaster Displacement and the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. The review consists of two components. The first component is a legal review of the SWP and the RSE that considers the extent to which the policies and laws under which these schemes operate are consistent with international human rights standards, including international labour standards. The second component is a review of the two schemes in practice, particularly from the point of view of the seasonal workers, based on interviews with seasonal workers in four participating PICs – Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa and Vanuatu – and consultations with key stakeholders (see list in the Annex). Based on the legal review and the review of the schemes in practice, recommendations are presented for improving recruitment practices and labour standards, enhancing the participation of women and marginalized groups, and increasing the degree to which the schemes are consistent with international human rights and labour law. After summarizing the main findings of the technical report, the principal emphasis of this summary report is on the recommendations.
- Human mobility and labour migration related to climate change in a just transition towards environmentally sustainable economies and societies for all
- This policy brief is part of the ILO Just Transition Policy briefs series and is intended to present the linkages between just transition and labour migration and human mobility, providing stakeholders with information and recommendations for implementation.
- Quarterly Mixed Migration Update Asia and the Pacific, Quarter 3, 2022
- The experiences of migrant workers with diverse sexual orientation, gender identity and expression in ASEAN
- This brief draws from the findings of research titled "A very beautiful but heavy jacket: The experiences of migrant workers with diverse sexual orientation, gender identity and expression in South-East Asia", which aims to fill the gap in knowledge about the experiences and motivations of migrant workers with diverse SOGIE in South-East Asia.
- Quarterly Mixed Migration Update Asia and the Pacific, Quarter 2, 2022
- This Quarterly Mixed Migration Update (QMMU) covers Asia and the Pacific. The core countries of focus for this region are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Australia. Depending on the quarterly trends and migration-related updates, more attention may be given to any of the countries over the rest. The QMMUs offer a quarterly update on new trends and dynamics related to mixed migration and relevant policy developments in the region. These updates are based on a compilation of a wide range of secondary (data) sources, brought together within a regional framework and applying a mixed migration analytical lens. Similar QMMUs are available for all MMC regions.
- Trade union-led Migrant Worker Resource Centres in ASEAN and Jordan: Case studies for protecting and organizing migrant workers
- This paper features good approaches and innovations by trade union MRCs in five Member States of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Cambodia, Indonesia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia and Thailand) as well as in Jordan. It highlights how the MRCs are useful and effective avenues in protecting the rights of migrant workers and eventually helping trade unions to organize them. The examples introduced in this paper can be replicated by trade unions that intend to launch campaigns to organize migrant workers.
- Labor Migration in Asia: COVID-19 Impacts, Challenges, and Policy Responses
- The pandemic has impacted migrant workers and raised challenges for policy makers through declining demand, shifting travel and repatriation protocols, and expanded policy focus on the epidemiological factors of international labor mobility.
- Working and employment conditions in the agriculture sector in Thailand: A survey of migrants working on Thai sugarcane, rubber, oil palm and maize farms
- Thailand's agriculture sector increasingly depends on migrant workers from Cambodia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Myanmar. This report, based on a survey of migrant workers and interviews with migrant workers and key informants, sheds light on the situation of migrant workers in this sector. It identifies gaps in policies and practices and provides a set of recommendations.
- Quarterly Mixed Migration Update Asia, Quarter 1, 2022
- This Quarterly Mixed Migration Update (QMMU) covers Southern and Southeast Asia. Depending on the quarterly trends and migration-related updates, attention may be given to some contexts over others. The QMMUs offer a quarterly update on new trends and dynamics related to mixed migration and relevant policy developments in the region. These updates are based on a compilation of a wide range of secondary (data) sources, brought together within a regional framework and applying a mixed migration analytical lens. Similar QMMUs are available for all MMC regions.
- Profiling Returnee Migrant Workers for Labour Market Integration
- Nepal’s labour migration can be divided into internal migration, migration to India and migration to countries other than India. The migration to countries other than India is referred as “foreign employment”. Labour migration for employment has been a common livelihood strategy for many Nepali people living in both rural and urban areas of the country. The remittances generated from the employment have become a major contributing factor to Nepal’s economy, which was equivalent to NPR 961.05 billion in the last fiscal year (FY 2020/21), ending mid-July, an increase of 10 per cent year to year. The remittance amount is equivalent to 22.5 per cent of Nepal's current gross domestic product of NPR 4.26 trillion evaluated at current market prices. Remittances have been contributing to the improvements in the living standards of Nepalese people where one in three Nepali households receives remittances. The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted migrant workers in terms of loss of jobs and economic opportunities both in Nepal and in destination countries. Contrary to the general impression that remittances have been negatively impacted by the COVID 19 crisis, remittance flows proved to be resilient.
- Rough seas: The impact of COVID-19 on fishing workers in South-East Asia
- This brief assesses the impacts of the pandemic on workers in the fishing industry in Asia and the Pacific, with particular attention to the pandemic’s impacts on migrant fishers.
- Understanding patterns of structural discrimination of migrant and other workers in some countries of South and West Asia
- This background paper reviews the literature that sheds light on the structural patterns of discrimination against migrant workers in some countries of South and West Asia. It also articulates recommendations that would help officials in UN agencies, international organizations, constituents and other civil society individuals and groups, while referring to the existing evidence of structural discrimination to support the application of international labour standards.
- Persistent COVID-19 Vaccine Inequity Has Significant Implications for Refugees and Other Vulnerable Migrants
- Globally, access to COVID-19 vaccines has been uneven. More than one year since vaccines became widely available in high-income Western countries, many lower-income countries have struggled with supply and have notably low rates of vaccination. With each new wave and each new variant, this gap has widened. As of April 2022, approximately 65 percent of the world’s population had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine; among low-income countries the rate averaged 15 percent. In fact, as of February 2022, more booster shots had been administered in wealthy countries than total doses in low-income countries.
- How Countries Manage Migration Data: Evidence from six countries
- With migration data in the global spotlight thanks to processes such as the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and others, this report aims to provide a comprehensive picture of how migration data systems work in practice at the national level. IOM’s Global Migration Data Analysis Centre carried out an international comparative study to understand better how countries are meeting a range of different migration data challenges, focusing on six case study countries. The objective of the study is to explore how far countries have been making progress in improving migration data and to understand the practical challenges facing national statistical offices and other stakeholders, the impact of frameworks such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Global Compact for Migration, and more.
- Behavioural insights in employers’ choice of recruitment services for domestic work
- The ILO launched a campaign based on behavioural science, in a bid to influence the market in Hong Kong towards greater demand for fair recruitment practices. This report presents the results of the randomised control trial that was designed and used to identify the most effective message frame to trigger the behaviour of employers of domestic workers in Hong Kong (China) and influence their choice of private recruitment agencies when hiring foreign domestic workers.
- Behavioural insights in employers’ choice of recruitment services for domestic work
- The ILO launched a campaign based on behavioural science, in a bid to influence the market in Hong Kong towards greater demand for fair recruitment practices. This report presents the results of the randomised control trial that was designed and used to identify the most effective message frame to trigger the behaviour of employers of domestic workers in Hong Kong (China) and influence their choice of private recruitment agencies when hiring foreign domestic workers.
- Migration Governance Indicators Second Profile 2021 | Sri Lanka
- This Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) profile presents a summary of well-developed areas of migration governance in Sri Lanka as well as areas with potential for further development, as assessed through the MGI. The MGI is a standard set of approximately 90 indicators to assist countries in assessing their migration policies and advance the conversation on what well-governed migration might look like in practice.
- Compendium of promising practices to advance fair recruitment of (migrant) workers: 5 years of the Fair Recruitment Initiative
- In 2020, the ILO reviewed progress made since the launch of the Fair Recruitment Initiative five years earlier, by conducting a stocktaking exercise aimed at documenting promising practices towards fair recruitment, now documented in this Compendium of Promisnig Practices
- Cost of recruitment in the Indonesia–Malaysia migration corridor: Employer perspectives from participating plantation companies
- This study looks into the recruitment costs borne by select companies that employ migrant workers in Malaysian palm oil plantations. It examines the companies’ roles and the processes involved in the recruitment of migrant workers; identifies the costs borne by these companies; and identifies good practices and areas for improvement.
- Economic Empowerment of Women Migrant Workers in Cambodia
- Cambodia has seen an increasing trend in migration over the last two decades pushed by better job prospects abroad and closer bilateral cooperation with neighbouring countries. Migrants make immense contribution to the Cambodian economy through regular remittances sent home and by enriching the labour market with skills picked up from abroad. Women are almost equal contributors of these benefits, yet they face disproportionate challenges in their migration journey and when they return. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for an effective reintegration plan to help women transition into their local environment as a starting point in economically empowering them.